Why Neuter or Spay?
Spaying and neutering are the most common surgical procedures in small animal practice. Health benefits are well established — though the optimal timing has become more nuanced as research has refined our understanding, especially for large and giant breeds.
Proven Benefits
Females (ovariohysterectomy / spaying):
- Eliminates pyometra risk (life-threatening uterine infection).
- Dramatically reduces mammary tumour risk: <0.5 % before first heat, 8 % before second, 26 % before third.
- No more heat cycles or unwanted pregnancies.
Males (orchidectomy / neutering):
- Eliminates testicular cancer risk.
- Reduces benign prostatic hyperplasia.
- May reduce testosterone-driven behaviours (roaming, marking, inter-male aggression).
Best Age for the Procedure
- Small breeds (<20 kg): from 6 months.
- Large breeds (20-40 kg): 9-12 months.
- Giant breeds (>40 kg): 18-24 months — studies (Torres de la Riva 2013, Hart 2020) link early neutering to higher rates of hip dysplasia and certain sarcomas.
Side Effects
- Weight gain: reduce daily ration by 20-30 % post-surgery.
- Urinary incontinence in females: affects 5-20 %; well managed with medication.
- Coat changes: some double-coated breeds (retrievers, spaniels) may develop softer, woollier coats.
Post-Op Care
Rest for 10-14 days, use a cone to prevent licking the wound, and return for suture removal at 10-12 days. Watch for redness, swelling, discharge or fever.