Why skin problems are so common

Dermatological conditions account for up to 25% of first-opinion vet consultations. Skin acts as a barrier but also reflects both local problems (infections, parasites) and systemic conditions (allergies, hormonal disorders, immune dysfunction). Diagnosis usually requires a detailed history and multiple tests.

The most common skin problems in dogs

Atopic dermatitis

Hypersensitivity to environmental allergens (house dust mites, pollens, moulds). Intense itching, especially on the face, armpits, feet and groin. Seasonal or year-round. Diagnosis: intradermal testing or allergen-specific IgE serology.

Food allergy

Reaction to dietary proteins. Non-seasonal itching, most commonly affecting face, ears and feet. Diagnosis: strict exclusion diet for 8–12 weeks with a novel or hydrolysed protein source.

Bacterial skin infection (pyoderma)

Usually secondary to another cause (itch β†’ scratch β†’ bacteria). Presents as pustules, crusting, erythema, circular areas of hair loss. Most common cause: Staphylococcus pseudintermedius.

Malassezia dermatitis

Overgrowth of Malassezia yeast in skin folds, ears, and perineal area. Characteristic rancid or musty smell, skin thickening, intense itching.

Sarcoptic mange

Sarcoptes scabiei mite. Extreme itching, especially on ear margins, elbows, and ventral abdomen. Zoonotic (can transmit to people). Responds well to modern isoxazoline treatments.

Demodicosis

Demodex canis mite, normally a commensal. In puppies or immunocompromised dogs it overgrows β†’ non-pruritic hair loss (localised form) or severe generalised lesions. Not zoonotic.

Hypothyroidism

Insufficient thyroid hormone β†’ bilateral symmetrical hair loss, dull coat, skin thickening. No itching. Diagnosis: total T4 + canine TSH.

Hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing's disease)

Cortisol excess β†’ pot belly, alopecia, thin fragile skin, calcinosis cutis. Diagnosis: low-dose dexamethasone suppression test or ACTH stimulation test.

When to see the vet